What Is Cellulitis

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous layer of the skin. It is caused by some bacteria and other factors.

Cause

It may take place due to bite of a dog, cat, crab or fish. Bacteria that cause cellulitis include Hemophilus influenza and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Normally, the bacteria, even if present on the skin, do not cause much trouble. But when the skin is injured or cut the bacterium enters deeper layers of the skin causing the infection.

Signs and Symptoms

The skin appears red and swollen. The infected area becomes very painful and tender to touch. Visible scabs, rash and blisters occur. The lymph nodes swell and red lines are seen on them. Fever and chill are other common symptoms.

Risk and Complications

People suffering from psoriasis, eczema or athlete`s foot are at a higher risk of developing cellulitis. Those who are overweight (obese), use IV drugs frequently and have un-managed diabetes, are at a greater risk.

Weak immune system may is yet another factor, especially for those undergoing chemotherapy.

If left untreated cellulitis may lead to development of meningitis, septicemia, and lymphadenitis or perinal cellulitis.

Treatment

Medical treatment of cellulitis includes oral and intravenous antibiotics, depending upon the seriousness of the condition.

If the infection is detected early, the treatment can be completed within 14 days. Although, the antibiotics are prescribed to be continued for few months to completely clear the symptoms.

Penicillin and its derivatives (flucloxacillin, erythromycin, etc) are part of oral antibiotics given for treatment.  For intravenous purpose flucloxacillin or cephazolin (cephalosporin) can be used.

Vancomycin and clindamysin become option for those with penicillin sensitivity. The choice of antibiotic may vary as per the causative factor. For example, in case of development of cellulitis due to unmanaged diabetes, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid may be given.

Prevention

The wounds must not be left uncovered. They should be treated with an antiseptic first and then bandaged. Antibiotic cream must be applied.

All hygiene rules must be followed. Hands must be washed with soap and water before eating food.

Avoid letting the skin become dry and cracked, especially elbows and heels. Keep them moisturized.