Phobic Attack

Phobia is a type of neurosis, which refers to an irrational fear of a specific object, event or activity. Usual onset of a phobia is generally between 20-30 years of age and women are more affected than men. The onset starts with an initial panic attack.

When the patient comes in contact with a phobic stimulus, the patient reacts anxiously and treats the fear as excessive. When this fear interferes with the normal daily routine, it is considered as a psychiatric disorder.

Symptoms of a phobic attack include extreme anxiety, tremors, palpitations, sweating, dyspnoea, nausea, depression and irrelevant thoughts.

The presence of any other psychiatric ailment may be a risk factor for the development of phobic attacks.

There are several forms of phobia. Agoraphobia is the fear of being alone or in open space. It is the most common and severe form of phobia. Other forms include social phobia (fear of public performance or public speaking), acrophobia (fear of heights), claustrophobia (fear of closed spaces), sitophobia (fear of eating), photophobia (fear of strong light), algophobia (fear of pain), xenophobia (fear of strangers) and thanatophobia (fear of death).

Diagnosing the phobia is a challenging task as it may be difficult when mixed with other psychiatric ailments. Careful observation of the patient along with history and description of patient’s behavior by close friends and family is to be considered. Psychiatric examination may confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of acute attack comprises of desensitization of the patient. Behavioral treatment along with training sessions in coping with panic attacks is given. Many times, home visits are necessary for the physician.

Dietary restrictions may also improve the condition. Restriction of stimulants like caffeine and nicotine is a must as these may unnecessarily increase the anxiety.

Complications may also occur, which include avoidance behavior, substance abuse or mild depression.