Chilblains – A Cold Sensitivity State

Chilblains (or Perniosis) is a cold sensitivity state of the body in which itchy, reddish purple swellings result due to narrowing of the blood vessels present under the skin, on exposure to cold. It is an abnormal reaction of the body to cold and is more common in women than in men.

In susceptible persons, these lesions develop on the extremities, especially fingers and toes but may also occur on heels, lower legs, hands, nose and ears. Chilblains become extremely painful on exposure to cold and become intensely itchy, once the skin gets warm again. With continuous exposure to cold conditions, blisters, ulcers and hemorrhages may also develop.

The tendency to chilblains is often genetically inherited. These appear first during childhood and then appear regularly every winter (subsides naturally in summers). The condition aggravates in winters and may also be seen in certain outdoor occupations.

The temperature of the skin over the affected area is cooler than normal. When a superficial ulcer does not heal, it may get deeper, destroy the skin and burst to leave permanent scar.

Chilblains normally disappear spontaneously in a week or two but have the tendency to recur. The skin should be covered warmly on exposure to cold using warm clothing, gloves and socks to prevent the development of chilblains. Any injury or infection, scratching must be avoided on the sensitive parts. Exercising also encourages good circulation to the extremities. In predisposed individuals, smoking should also be ceased. Good health and nutritious diet may also prevent the occurrence of these lesions.

Treatment is often symptomatic. In severe cases, consulting a dermatologist is advised. Oral medications (vasodilators) and local antibiotics are usually prescribed to treat the condition and minimize the recurrent episodes.

Even when the tendency to develop chilblains ceases, most of the patients continue to experience some cold sensitivity problems.